The panas scale or positive and negative affect schedule panas is a selfreport questionnaire. A german adaptation of the positive and negative affect schedule panas is presented, the factorial structure as well as the internal consistency. People often assume that positive and negative affect are on two opposite ends of a bipolar scale. The positive and negative affect schedule panas is the most widely and frequently used scale to assess positive and negative affect. One scale measures a persons positive emotion and the other scale measures the negative. The positive and negative affect schedule panas is a selfreport questionnaire that consists of two 10item scales to measure both positive and negative affect. Scoring guidelines geq ingame version the ingame module consists of seven components, identical to the core module.
The items are grouped into the two subscales with 10 items each. The positive and negative affect schedule panas was developed as a measure of positive affect pa and negative affect na. Validation of the positive and negative affect schedule. Scores can range from 1050 for both the positive and negative affect with the lower scores representing lower levels of positive negative affect and higher scores representing higher levels of positive negative affect. Crawford, department of psychology, king s college, university of. International positive and negative affect schedule short.
Positive and negative affect schedule for children panas 7. Positive and negative affect as predictors of social functioning in. The panasx manual for the positive and negative affect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the psychometric properties of the positive and negative affect schedule panas in a sample of employees working in indian manufacturing and service sector organisations. Each item is rated on a likert scale of 1 not at all to 5 very much. Read each item and then list the number from the scale below next to each word.
Factor structure of the positive and negative affect. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties, structure and factorial invariance of an adaptation to spanish in a general sample from spain n 1071. Positive and negative affect schedule panas 12212010. The positive and negative affect schedule panas has been widely used as a selfreport measure of affect in community and clinical contexts.
In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. Positive and negative affect schedule panas springerlink. Williams and colleagues williams, gandhi, lu, steinberg. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors. In this paper, the positive and negative affect schedule for children originally developed in 1999 by laurent, et al. In study 1, a total of 763 children in grades 4 to 6 completed this schedule, and 103 of them completed it again about three months later.
This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has. Positive and negative affect schedule panas lee kum. For example, worry and anxiety correlated with nas but not with pas. Pdf psychometric properties of the positive and negative affect. Developed and validated in western contexts, the 20.
Used as a psychometric scale, the panas can show relations between positive and negative affect with personality stats and traits. Thompson ritsumeikan university this article reports the development and validation of a 10item international positive and negative affect schedule panas short form ipanassf in english. Testretest reliability for the panas 1 week were reported as. Add the scores on items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19. One of these scales measures positive affect, and the other measures negative affect. Each item is rated on a 5point scale of 1 not at all to 5 very much. The panas scales david watson and lee anna clark southern methodist university auke tellegen university of minnesota in recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. Psychometric data concerning the positive and negative.
This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. The panas has two 10item scales representing positive and negative affect and it can be used to evaluate affect as a trait or state by changing the time window of the retrospective selfreports for example, right now, past week, past few. The esem two factor model positive affect and negative affect was. The positive and negative affect schedule panas measures the two primary dimensions of mood. Used as a psychometric scale, the panas can show relations between positive and negative affect. In contrast, positive affective styles have been relatively ignored in the health. The positive and negative affect schedule direction panasd questionnaire was translated from the french version developed by nicolas and coworkers into arabictunisian language and administered to a sample of 519 athletes mean age 19. The positive and negative affect schedule or panas is a scale that consists of different words that describe feelings and emotions. Panasn positive and negative affect schedule negative affect stai y. Affect schedule positive affect, panasn positive and negative affect. Panasn positive and negative affect schedule negative affect staiy. Description the questionnaire measures two general dimensions, positive and negative affect. The positive and negative affect schedule panas have been widely used to measure affect.
The esem two factor model positive affect and negative affect was found as the most. You can only be at one point on this scale, meaning you can be experiencing one type of affect to a certain degree from extremely mild to extremely strong, but not the other at the same time. The scores generated will vary along the scale of 10 50, with lower scores indicating low positive or negative affect and higher scores indicating high positive or. Positive affect reflects the extent to which a person feels enthusiastic, active, and alert.
Positive and negative affect schedule panas request pdf. The positive affect and negative affect schedule panas is a popular measure of positive pa and negative affectivity na. The aim here is to examine the factor structure and concurrent validity of the korean version of the positive and negative affect schedule kpanas in a clinical sample in korea. Validez y confiabilidad del positive affect and negative affect schedule panas en estudiantes universitarios chilenos validity and reliability of the positive affect and negative affect schedule panas in chilean college students. Psychometric properties of the positive and negative.
Positive and negative affect schedule panas statistics. The distinction in recent years between positive affect pa and negative affect na is becoming increasingly important due to their relationship with depression and anxiety. The positive affect and negative affect schedule panas is a 20item selfreport questionnaire used to measure the emotions of the respondents child during the past few weeks. Na and uk correspondence should be addressed to professor john r. We therefore dropped two terms that had relatively higher secondary loadings on the negative affect factor, yielding the final set of 10 descriptors shown in table 2. Emotion, mood, positive and negative affect schedule, psychometrics introduction the assessment of affect subjectively experienced feeling or emotionis important because affect is a primary cause and consequence of relevant phenomena such as coping. Pdf an adaptation of the positive and negative affect. Psychometric properties of positive and negative affect. Is positive affect pa the bipolar opposite of, or is it independent of, negative. Frontiers positive and negative affect scheduleshort. The positive and negative affect schedule panas is a 20item selfreport measure of positive and negative affect developed by watson, clark, and tellegen 1988b. Pdf this study aims at investigating the psychometric properties of the positive and negative affect schedule for children panasc in.
The shortform of the positive and negative affect schedule for children. The positiv ane d negative affect schedule panas was develope tdo provide a brief selfreport measure o f both type os f affect i n adults watson et al. These two general dimensions account for most of the variance in selfrated affect together they account for roughly onehalf to threequarters of the common variance in. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect. The international positive and negative affect schedule short form ipanassf is a. Development and validation of an internationally reliable.
Journal of personality and social psychology, 546, 1063. The first study aimed to validate the brief version of the positive and negative affect schedule for childrenshort form panascsf in a spanish. Clark, and tellegen 1988 developed the positive and negative affect schedule panas, which consists of two 10item scales for pa and na, respectively. A common and reliable form of measuring negative affect is with the positive and negative affect schedule panas, which is a 10item mood scale comprised of both positive and negative affect dimensions watson et al. Positive affect negative affect scale panas springerlink.
However, only two items are used for every component. Scores can range from 10 50, with higher scores representing. This study examined the factorial invariance of the international positive and negative affect schedule shortform ipanassf thompson, 2007 across two cultures i. The measure has been used mainly as a research tool in group studies, but can be utilized within clinical and nonclinical populations as well. The study of positive and negative affect in children and. This brief scale is comprised of 20 items, with 10 items measuring positive affect e. The positive and negative affect schedule panasa widely used questionnaire to assess two core domains of affect. Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non. However, evaluations of the psychometric properties of panas scores have been limited in diverse ethnic groups. Each segment has ten terms, which can be rated on a scale of 1 to 5 to indicate the extent to which.
The list is split up into two segments, or mood scales. The ipanassf is composed of two tenitem mood scales. What is positive and negative affect in psychology. The international positive and negative affect schedule short form ipanassf is a shortened version of the panas, intended to only contain crossculturally well understandable emotion words. In contrast to an earlier adhoc created short forms of the panas, 11 the ipanasfx has been developed in a multistudy procedure including studies. Development and validation of brief measures of positive. The youth version of the positive and negative affect. The positive and negative affect schedule panas comprises two mood scales, one that measures positive affect and the other which measures negative affect. Scores can range from 10 50, with lower scores representinglower levels of negative affect. Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule expanded form. Preliminary reliability and validity analyses indicated that 10 terms were sufficient for the higher order positive affect scale. The panas has been validated in several languages, and it has shown excellent psychometric properties in the general population and some clinical samples, such as forensic samples, substance. A german adaptation of the positive and negative affect schedule panas is presented, the factorial structure as well as the internal consistency are analyzed and external associations are described. Development of a japanese version of the positive and.
Read each item and then mark the appropriate answer in the space. As expected, measures of negative affect, anxiety, negative future. The positive and negative affect schedule panas is a selfreport measure that is made up of two mood scales, one measuring positive affect and the other measuring negative affect. Abstract negative affective styles such as anxiety, depression, and hostility have long been accepted as predictors of increased risk for illness and mortality. Positive and negative affect schedule data share 2. The internal structure of a measurement instrument has an impact on the meaning and validity of its score. The 20item positive and negative affect schedule panas, developed with a sample of undergraduate students and validated with adult populations, comprises two mood scales, one measuring positive affect and the other measuring negative affect.
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